Easy tutorial for C / C ++ - struct 1

Easy tutorial for C / C ++ - struct 1

struct :

- A datatype can be provided by the compiler or it can be defined by a user. A user-defined type can be defined as 'struct' to help you define it. A new data type defined using 'struct' is called a struct.

- To declare a struct:

struct 'struct name' {

          'Data type' 'member variable 1';
          'Data type' 'member variable 2';
          'Data type' 'member variable 3';
          ...
};

'Struct name' : Indicates the name of the struct to be used.

'Data type' 'member variable' : Declaration of the member variables of the struct, same as general variable declaration. However, the initial value can not be given because it only tells the struct that composes the data type.

- To declare a struct variable for a new data type, of course, the struct must be declared before declaration of the struct variables.

a) struct 'struct name' 'struct variable' (C language, C ++ language)

b) 'struct name' 'struct variable' (C ++ language)

- In C, the new data type 'struct name' must be prefixed with struct.

- To use member variables of a struct, use the following dot operator.

'Structure name'.'Struct variable'

- You can use the dot operator to store data in member variables or use member variables. Let's look at an example.

Example Code

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct t_Struct{

   int num;

   char fruit[30];

   char color[30];

};

int main() {

     t_Struct strA;

     cout << " Insert number = " ;

     cin  >> strA.num ;

     cout << " Insert fruit  = " ;

     cin  >> strA.fruit ;

     cout << " Insert color  = " ;

     cin  >> strA.color ;

     cout << endl;

     cout << "*** Print results ***" << endl;

     cout << " number = " << strA.num << endl ;

     cout << " fruit  = " << strA.fruit << endl ;

     cout << " color  = " << strA.color << endl ;

     return 0;

}

- We have declared a struct named 'strA'. And we have defined the integer variable 'num', the string variables 'fruit' and 'color' as member variables.

- We have declared the struct variable 'strA' in the main function. And we saved the data to each member variable through keyboard input. (ex: "cin >> strA.num;")

- We have also written the syntax to output the input data.

results :

 Insert number = 10

 Insert fruit  = banana

 Insert color  = blue

- You will be asked to enter numbers, fruits and colors. Type 10, banana, blue in turn, and hit Enter.

 Insert number = 10

 Insert fruit  = banana

 Insert color  = blue

*** Print results ***

 number = 10

 fruit  = banana

 color  = blue

- You can see that the input result is printed.