Easy tutorial for C / C ++ - class 1 (Object oriented programming and class)

Easy tutorial for C / C ++ - class 1 (Object oriented programming and class)

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) :

- Old programming is a function-oriented sequential programming method by calling functions in the main function. This is called procedural programming.

- Object-oriented programming is a programming in a way that the program is made up of objects rather than a certain order. Objects can have multiple member variables similar to struct. You can also define member functions (methods) to perform the functions required by the object.

- Features of OOP include data abstraction, encapsulation, data hiding, polymorphism, and inheritance.

Data abstraction : Simplifying the program by hiding unnecessary information and showing only important information.

Encapsulation : A class uses multiple member variables and member functions (methods) in a single unit. That is, you can encapsulate them into one aggregate.

Data Hiding : Indicates that member variables are indirectly accessed through member functions. (are not directly accessible)

Polymorphism : A single element (function or operators) that allows for multiple concepts and behavior (number of data types and arguments). (ex: operator overloading)

Inheritance: Features and functions of a specific object (functions of an already defined class) can be inherited by other objects. This eliminates the need to make redundant content unnecessary.

class :

- It is a class that allows you to abstract data to create new user-defined types. It is similar to a struct in that it has several member variables, but a class can implement member functions (methods) to perform more functions.

- The basic structure of a class is as follows: Class declaration and member function definition.

class 'class name' {

         "Access specifier":
             'Data type' 'member variable';
             ...
         "Access specifier":
             'Data type' 'member function';
};

'Data type' 'class name' :: 'member function ()
{...}

- First, specify 'class' and write the corresponding 'class name'. And declare member variables and member functions to be used. Here, 'access specifier' (private, public, and protected) is a specifier related to access rights and inheritance.

- When defining a member function, 'class name' is created after 'data type' to be returned, and the scope operator (: :) is used to indicate that the function belongs to the class. Then write the name of the member function and write the contents of the function.